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BIBLE CODE 251
by Floyd R. Cox Because we have two eyes, one looking at something at a slightly
different angle than the other, we can see a new dimension. From a front
view, cylinders look like circles. From a side view, they are like squares or
rectangles. Both views are absolutely correct, but a combined view is even
better. The vast majority of world problems are caused by a giant race with
only one eye. These go about in a three-dimensional world seeking others
confined to their two-dimensional, flat worldview. The world is filled with confusing, uninspired interpretations of
symbols used in the Bible. Insights are transferred from an inspired speaker
only if the listener is also inspired. Otherwise, the message falls on deaf
ears and makes no sense. How can you describe a tree to someone blind? Since childhood, we have all learned to appreciate stories about
those having a secret code only understood by those with special insight, but
all of the sorcerers, prognosticators and soothsayers in Babylon could not
unveil the dreams of the king because, if the dream is inspired, so must the
interpreter be inspired (II Pet. 1:20-21). The Bible is filled with hidden meaning, like a sealed book, which
only “the Lamb” could open and reveal. Every government has private
information, a national security system and a secret code. Joseph understood
the symbols of the Pharaoh’s dream. Samson had a riddle, which the
Philistines could never solve without an “insider” like Delilah. King Hiram
of Tyre swapped riddles with King David. Daniel understood the symbols in his
own dreams and those of the king of Babylon. Likewise, there is a barrier between prophets descending from
Abraham’s son, Ishmael, and the prophets descending from Abraham’s son,
Isaac. Yet their lines, their y-dna, both match Abraham. So, why can’t they
both sit down together and sort out what they have in common? Perhaps they
can see a new dimension, something of value, from each other’s “sacred
books”. Quoting
Our Sources The following
scenario hasn’t happened yet, but we can always have hope. It shows the
confusion that exists, especially since the first century: A chief rabbi and a chief
Samaritan decided to meet for coffee to discuss their differences. It was
unheard of before this. One referred to his Block Hebrew Masoreh Text (MT) of
the Bible; the other preferred his Script Hebrew Samaritan Text (ST). One begins by saying, “According
to the MT, Noah was born 1056 years after Adam and was age 600
years at the Flood. Genesis 5 says Adam was 130 when he had Seth; Seth was
105 when he had Enos; Enos was 90 when he had Cainan; Cainan was 70 when he
had Mahalaleel; Mahalaleel was 56 when he had Jared; Jared was 162 when he
had Enoch; Enoch was 65 when he had Methuselah; Methuselah was 187 when he
had Lamech; Lamech was 65 when he had Noah, and Noah was 600 at the flood.
This makes 1656 years from Adam to the flood. What does yours say?” The Samaritan replies, “No, our
ST says the Flood was in the year 1307, when Noah was 600, and Noah died 350
years later, in 1657. So the numbers between generations are a little
different in our ST version.” They both pause for a while
scribbling on their napkins. “Hmm! Well, if Noah were born 1056 years after
Adam and if the Flood were in 1307, then, if we compare both versions, Noah
may have been 251 years old at the Flood (1307 – 1056 = 251)! Noah’s birth
1056 years after Adam plus 251 to the Flood equals 1307 years.” “Using just the MT alone
without the ST, Noah was 502 when he had Shem, and Shem was 98 at the flood.
What a coincidence! 251 plus 251 equals 502! Let’s just keep this for
reference and move on.” “Right, nothing wrong with that!”
Enter Fall of
Babel “Now let's move on to the fall of Babel, when the building of a great tower was stopped, and the builders were driven out to form various tribes, which grew into nations. The MT says in Genesis 10 that it happened in the year that Peleg was born. Noah was born 1056 after Adam and was 502 when he had Shem; In chapter 11, Shem was 100 when he had Arphaxad. Arphaxad was 35 when he had Selah; Selah was 30 when he had Eber, the first Hebrew, and Eber was 34 when he had Peleg. So Peleg was born 1757 years after Adam. 1056 plus 502 to Shem, plus 100 to Arphaxad, plus 35 to Salah, plus 30 to Eber, plus 34 to Peleg. This equals 1757 years from Adam to Peleg. What do you know! 1757 equals 251 times seven!”
Enter Abraham “And by
counting the births from Peleg to Abraham, the MT says Abraham was born 2008
years after Adam. 1757 plus 30 to Reu, plus 32 to Serug, plus 30 to Nahor,
plus 29 to Terah, plus 70 years to Abraham. This equals 2008 years from Adam
to Abraham, which is equal to 251 times eight! What does yours say?” “Well, the ST
says the numbers are different between each generation and that Abraham was
born 2259 years after Adam.” They both pause to scribble on their napkins.
“Hmm! Well, what do you know! Your 2008 equals 251 times eight, and my text
says Abraham was born 2259 years after Adam, and 2259 equals 251 times nine”
(as in TABLE 3). “And Noah may have been 251
years old at the Flood instead of 600! What are the odds?” “We should have compared notes
long ago! What were we thinking? Waitress, bring us a second cup! We need to
celebrate!” “However, there is a problem.
We both have another tradition that Abraham was born when his father was 70
instead of 130. “Just a theory, but perhaps someone knew about the repetition
of 251 years throughout the book of Genesis and wanted to hide it.”
Perhaps 60 years were subtracted from the 130 by our ancestors so that Noah’s
son, Shem, and the first king, Nimrod, would still be alive at the right time
during the life of Abraham. Perhaps Melchizedek, king and priest of Salem,
was Shem!” “How long did Shem live after
the Flood?” “Well, the MT says he was 100 two years after the Flood and lived
another 500 years; so he died 502 years after the Flood, and Abraham died 527
years after the Flood.” When was Abraham born after the
flood?” “One version says he was born 352 years after the flood and would
have been 150 when Shem died (352 + 150 = 502). “Another version says Abraham
was born 60 years earlier, 292 years after the flood, and would have been 210
when Shem died (292 + 212 = 502).” “But he only lived 175 years, right?”
(They scribble some more.) “And 502 equals 251 times two! Now we’re getting
somewhere!” “And I vaguely recall finding a
version of the book of Jasher on the Internet. It says that Nimrod’s father
was born two years after the flood, and lived 251 years before Nimrod was
born. There’s that 251 years again! Hmm!” They continue scribbling for a
while. “Well, what do you know! The MT shows there were 251 years between
Peleg’s birth and Abraham’s birth, and I vaguely recall that the book of
Jubilees I found on the Internet also has 251 years for this same period but
uses different numbers between the generations. Doesn’t this suggest that the
numbers between generations are subject to the ‘creative whims’ of each
scribe?” “This would mean that Abraham
was born 251 years after the tribes were expelled from the tower of Babel. I
wonder just how far we can take these 251 years? Hey waitress! Waitress,
bring us another napkin!” “However, there is still a
problem. We both have this other tradition that Abraham was born when his
father was 70 instead of 130. Wonder why they did this? Perhaps our ancestors
for some reason subtracted 60 years. On the other hand, this would show
Abraham being born in 2008 minus 60 years after Adam or 251 minus 60 after the tower of Babel.”
“Just a theory, but perhaps
someone knew about the repetition of 251 years throughout the book of
Genesis and wanted to hide it.” Enter Joseph
“Now, how about the birth of
Joseph?” I think we both agree that Abraham was 100 when he had Isaac. Isaac
was 60 when he had Jacob, and Jacob was 91 when he had Joseph. Wouldn’t this
place Joseph’s birth 251 years after Abraham’s birth?” (100 + 60 + 91 = 251) “Well, let’s see; Joseph was 30
when he interpreted the Pharaoh’s dream, and he was 39 at the beginning of
the third year of famine in Egypt, when his father was 130, when Joseph’s
family came to Egypt. So, Jacob was 91 when Joseph was born. Yes, the ST
seems to agree!” “Perhaps the coffee is making
us delirious. Who cares; Waitress, bring us a third cup! How far can we take
this? What else can we find?” “Well, the MT
says Abraham lived 175 years; Isaac lived 180 years, and Jacob lived 147
years. What does yours say?” Mine agrees, and these add up to 502 years, or
251 times two! Wow!” (175 + 180 + 147 = 502). Enter Exodus “Then what
happens 251 years after Joseph’s birth? We’ll need to move on to the book of
Exodus. If Joseph’s family entered Egypt when Joseph was 39, and if his
family spent 39 years in the wilderness before conquering the land on the
east side of the Jordan River, perhaps they were in Egypt 212 years. 212 + 39
= 251 years.” “Well, we do have a record
saying the Israelites were in Canaan and Egypt 430 years. Most authorities
think this began when Abraham was called at the age of 75, in the year his
father died in Haran. Perhaps he was called at the age of 72 while he lived
in Ur and a second time while he lived in Haran. This would make him 502,
instead of 505, if he had lived until the Exodus, and Joseph would have been
251 if he lived until the Exodus. Any evidence of this?” “Well, there is a statement
made in the Christian records, in Acts 7:2. We don’t know its source, but it
says Abraham was called before his father died, before he dwelled in Haran.
But that’s nowhere in the MT or ST, is it? Let’s just keep it in mind that
the Exodus could have been 2510 years after Adam in the MT, instead of 2513.” “Or it could have been 251
years longer, that is, 2764 years in the ST… Hmm!” Enter Science
There was deafening silence as
they groped for other clues to loosen the riddle wrapped within an enigma.
They agreed there was likely a record of the 10 generations between Adam and
the flood, which may have included the years between each, but there are now
three records each having different numbers. Which one was preserved in the
temple near the Ark of the covenant? Where is Indiana Jones when we need him?
At that precise moment, they
heard a voice from the next table; “I couldn’t avoid hearing your discussion
during the last hour. Perhaps I could help. You see, I have done considerable
research on biblical chronology, archaeology and astronomy. Do you mind if I
join you? “No! Of course not! Sit over
here! “You seem to have discovered a
251-year pattern. From Adam to the fall of Babylon is 251 times seven years.
From Adam to the birth of Abraham is 251 times eight years. From Adam to the
birth of Joseph is 251 times nine years, right? “Right! Looks like you have the
basics.” “Well, is this based upon
numerology or science?” “We don’t know. Does it match
anything in astronomy or science? “Did you hear the news? Venus
transited in front of the sun in 2004 and 2012 recently. The last time that
happened was in 1761, that is, 251 years before 2012.” “You mean this happens every
251 years?” “No, it is actually a 243-year
cycle, but there is always another second transit in the 251st
year.” NASA has a chart that traces this cycle back to 1884 BC. This may at
least take our study out of the realm of having sacred numbers.” “Great! That might fit right
in!” “Did you know there is also a
Jupiter cycle of 427 years?” “No! What are you saying?” “Jupiter orbits the sun 36
times every 427 years. Do you know any periods in biblical chronology that
lasted 427 years?” “Why yes! In the Masoretic text,
Abraham was called at the age of 75, 427 years after the flood! After his 75th
year, the exodus was in the 430th year. This is recorded in Exodus
12: 40-41.” “Are you certain this was 430
years? As I just overheard you quoting, Acts 7:2 implies that Abraham was
called twice, once when he dwelled in Ur of the Chaldees and once again while
he dwelled in Haran, where his father died? This is a clue! He died when
Abraham was 75, 427 years after the flood. Enter Sabbaticals
What other clues do we have?” “Waitress! We need another
napkin for the professor!” The rabbi and chief stop to scribble on their
napkins, but the professor has a calculator. “Suddenly the rabbi breaks the
silence, “427 years is equal to 61 times 7, that is 61 sabbaticals!” “And, in the Samaritan
tradition, a new sabbatical began after the flood!” “This means that Abraham may
have been called during a sabbatical, 427 years, 61 sabbaticals after the
flood. If the exodus were also during a sabbatical, it could not have been
430 years after Abraham was 75.” “What do you mean?” “430 years are not evenly
divisible by seven. It’s three years off!” “So when would the 430 years
have begun?” “That is easy to answer. It
would have been when Abraham was 72!” “Right! That sounds reasonable!
And we can now establish the possibility of a 427-year cycle after the
flood.” They stop to continue their
calculations. “You won’t believe this!” “What! What have you found?” “Well, the period from the
flood to the exodus, which is 854 years, equals 427 times two. The period
from Adam to the exodus, which is 2510 years, equals 251 times 10. If we
subtract the 854 from 2510, we get 1656 years!” “And there are 1656 years from
Adam to the flood in the Masoretic text.” “So is the Masoretic text the
correct version?” “The Septuagint version says
there were 1656 years to Noah’s birth. The Samaritan version says there were
1657 years to Noah’s death. It’s off one year. How do we know which version
is right? “We don’t know. How can we find
out?” A Fourth Version?
“Since we have established a
427-year pattern, perhaps this pattern also shows up prior to the flood. How
did Moses know there were 1656 years? Why did the scribes produce three
different versions if Noah had preserved only one version? Which version did
he preserve? Perhaps there was another version based upon 427 years!” “How easy was it to transform
the Massoretic text into the Greek Septuagint text? Didn’t they merely add a
hundred years to six different generations? Instead of having the flood as
being in the 1656th year, the birth of Noah was placed 600 years
earlier, in the 1656th year. And this placed the flood in the 2256th
year, right?” “Right! And if the Masoretic
text could be easily transformed into what the Septuagint says, what would
happen if we created a fourth text. Perhaps there was one original text used
by the other three texts. So, what would happen if we added a hundred years
to four, five or six generations of the Samaritan text? Would this produce a
fourth text where the years prior to the flood would be divisible by 427?” After several minutes of
scribbling, the Chief Samaritan exclaimed, “the Samaritan text has 1307 years
to the flood. 400 more years would make 1707 years. You won’t believe this! I
can’t believe it!” “What?” “It cannot be! No, it’s just a
coincidence!” “Quiet! Stop shouting! There
are others in the café!” “Well, here it is. 1707 is
divisible by 427!” “Exactly?” “No, it’s off by only one.
Somehow we would need to add just one year. But I have the solution! In all
versions including this revision, Methuselah always dies in the year of the
flood. |
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“It makes sense that the pattern would be related to the
Samaritan text since it was written in the older script Hebrew text. The
Masoretic was written in Hebrew, in the Block Babylonian text likely brought
from Babylon, when the temple was dedicated by Ezra in 515 BC.” “Moreover, I had not realized
that the MT and ST seem to compliment each other, and I just happened to
search the Internet recently and checked the dates in the Alexandrinus
version of the
Greek Septuagint text. It says there were 2262 years from Adam to the flood.
Again, the numbers are different between generations.” “And
a popular view is that there were 2513 years from Adam to the exodus. (They
pause to scribble.) Well, what do you know! 2513 minus 2262 equals 251! Hmm!” “And
there’s a statement made by a Christian, Eusebius of Caesarea, who wrote his
Chronicle in about 324 AD saying, “…from Solomon and the first building of
the temple until the second year of Darius and the rebuilding of the temple,
is 502 years (251 x 2)”.
“We
should have stopped to have coffee long ago!” “Perhaps we should also expand our research into other religious
texts claiming to go back to Abraham and Ishmael. We have no idea how they
would fit in, right?” “Back to our subject… since 427
years equal 61 sabbaticals, the flood would be 61 sabbaticals times four
after Adam. Perhaps this would explain why Shem was 14 sabbaticals, two
jubilees old, at the flood, and Noah lived 350 years, 50 sabbaticals, after
the flood.” “Right! And perhaps Abraham was
age 75 during a sabbatical, 427 years after the flood!” “And the exodus was during a
sabbatical, 427 years after Abraham was 75!” “How far can we take this new
insight? What about Solomon’s temple and the fall of Babylon? What other
clues do we have?” |
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TABLE 2. 427-Year Pattern from Adam to Abraham’s age 75 |
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Patriarch
|
Age at
|
Years Lived After Son’s Birth |
Birth |
Years after son’s birth |
Death |
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Adam |
130 |
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130 |
800 |
930 |
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Seth |
105 |
105 |
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|
235 |
807 |
1042 |
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Enos |
90 |
90 |
90 |
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|
325 |
815 |
1140 |
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Cainan |
70 |
70 |
70 |
70 |
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|
395 |
840 |
1235 |
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Mahalaleel |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
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|
560 |
730 |
1290 |
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Jared |
162 |
162 |
162 |
162 |
162 |
162 |
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|
722 |
685 |
1407 |
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Enoch |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
165 |
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887 |
200 |
1087 |
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Methuselah |
168 |
168 |
168 |
168 |
168 |
168 |
168 |
168 |
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1055 |
653 |
1708 |
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Lamech
|
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
53 |
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1108 |
600 |
1708 |
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Noah
|
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
600 |
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1578 |
1473 |
1383 |
1273 |
1148 |
986 |
821 |
653 |
600 |
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Flood |
1708 |
= 427 x 4
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Shem |
2 |
Methuselah
died in the year of the flood, 1708; Masoreh
text says 1656; Septuagint
says 2256. |
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2135 |
= 427 x 5 |
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Enter Era of Jerusalem “Let’s move on to the era of
Jerusalem.” “And the Israelites were in the
wilderness 39 years and conquered the land east of the Jordan in the 40th
year. This 39th year would have been 251 years after Joseph was
39, when his family came into Egypt in the first place and stayed there 212
years.” “We need to compare notes on
the Exodus and 39 years in the wilderness and see how long it was until David
conquered Jerusalem and was promised an unending dynasty! What are the odds
that it again could have been 212 years after the 39 years in the
wilderness?” “I’m preparing a short
presentation on this very topic. Would you like to hear it?” “Of course! It should be very interesting.” “Whenever a researcher sets a date for the exodus, such as, 1219
BC, 1447 BC or 1558 BC, which are 251, 479 or 590 years before the temple, we
should ask the researcher these three questions: 1.) Was this at a time when
Egypt experienced a dramatic decline in her economy? We should expect this if
she had experienced the ten plagues, lost her northern army in the sea, lost
her firstborn, lost three million slaves, farmers and builders. 2.) Can we
justify having a continuous 427-year pattern? We should be able to explain
how the pre-flood era should be expanded 52 years, from 1656 years to 1708
years and why the post exodus era should be reduced 52 years, from 479 to 427
years. 3.) What happened in Egypt 427 years before the temple?” 1.)
Was this at a time when Egypt experienced a dramatic decline in her economy? “It appears there were three
basic views on the period between the exodus and the temple. “a.) I Kings 6:1 says Solomon
founded the temple 479 years after the exodus, in the 480th year. “b.)
Josephus originally had 2510 years from Adam to the exodus plus 592
more years to the temple (Antiquities 8.3.1). Acts 14 seems to agree with
this. During this time, the judges alone lasted 450 years.” “c.)
And Kenneth Kitchen, Professor Emeritus and Honorary Research Fellow,
University of Liverpool, England, thinks the Exodus was during the reign of
Rameses II who began to reign in 1279 BC. Matthew 1 seems to agree with this. There were only
seven generations from the exodus to king Solomon. And
by Googling on the net, I found just yesterday that Rameses’ most beautiful
wife, Queen
Nefertari, died for some strange, unknown reason in 1255 BC.” “And 1255 is equal to 251 times 5! Hmm!” “Almost every
biblical chronologist I’ve studied dates the exodus in about 251, 479 or 590
years before the temple. These dates are rarely explained as being just
before a drastic decline in Egypt’s economy in
about 1558 BC, 1447 BC or 1219 BC.” |
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2.)
Can we justify having a continuous 427-year pattern? “A schematic forcing all major events into
patterns may imply there was an Intelligent Designer involved, but one can
imagine what readers would think if all major events were exactly 427 years
apart as in TABLE 3. I kings 6:1 says
there were 479 years (not 480) from the exodus to the temple. Isn’t it
strange that this is 52 years more than 427 years? Genesis 5 and 11 say there
were 1656 years from Adam to the flood. Isn’t it strange that 1656 is 52
years less than 427 times four? Isn’t it strange that these two figures, 1656
and 479, added together are divisible by 427 (427 x 5 = 1656 +427)? What are
the odds?” |
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“Perhaps someone used a known 427-year pattern to
construct a time chart back to Adam for his children. How long was it from
Adam to the flood? 427 times 4. How long from Adam to when Abraham was
called? 427 times 5. How long from Adam to the exodus? 427 times 6. How long
from Adam to the temple? 427 times 7. How long from Adam to the fall of
Babylon in 539 BC? 427 times 8.” “However, archaeologists are not children. They
take the numbers seriously. Discerning from the book of Judges that there
were likely 479 years from the exodus to the temple (as in TABLE 4), they add
an extra 52 years to the 427 years (427 + 52 = 479). As said, I Kings 6:1 has 479 years between the exodus
and the temple.” “In another legacy for the same period, the
temple is 251 years after Ramesses the Great. Refer to TABLE 4. Discerning from the book of Judges, there were
likely 251 years from the exodus to the temple (as in TABLE 4). They subtract
339 years of judges from the 590 years (590 – 339 = 251). Also go to: (http://code251.com/code243.html).” “Another, a Classical Greek
legacy on the same period, has 590 years from the exodus to the temple (TABLE
4). (http://code251.com/code590.html). Discerning from the book of Judges that there
were likely 590 years from the exodus to the temple, it adds an extra 111
years (of oppressions during the judges) (427 + 52 + 111 = 590), as in TABLE
4.” “By moving 52 years from the era before the flood
and by inserting 52 years after the exodus, these two changes would alter the
427-year pattern beyond recognition. Nevertheless, evidence of the original
pattern would still remain. From Adam to the temple, there would still be 427
years times 7. From Adam to the fall of Babylon, there would still be 427
times 8. Primary evidence of the 427-years would still be found in the fact
that 1656 years to the flood and 479 years from the exodus to the temple, if
added together, equal 427 times 5! “ “However, these two changes would likely prevent
all archaeologists from discovering the true date of the exodus and the real
Pharaoh of the exodus. They always arrive at a time when Egypt’s economy continues
to thrive and expand her borders up to the Euphrates. So an Exodus 251, 479
or 590 years before the temple is not credible. A major drawback to these theories is that
Thutmose I, II, Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV all ruled from Memphis and
increased their borders along the Mediterranean up to the Euphrates river
before the time of Amenhotep III, before 1395 BC. I need more information on
how this could happen. There should be signs of a major decline in Egypt’s
economy after the exodus. More research is needed. This same evidence
of a decline is lacking 590 years, 479 years and 251 years before the temple
and becomes a major drawback for accepting these dates.” |
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TABLE 4. Three Basic Ways to
Interpret the Judges |
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Exodus & Wilderness = >>> |
40 |
40 |
40 |
|
Rulers during Joshua &
Elders = >>> |
43 |
43 |
43 |
|
Oppressions = 111 yrs.,
Judges = 339 yrs., and both down to Eli = 450 yrs. |
111 |
+ 339 |
= 450 |
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From Samuel to when David
captures Jerusalem (or to the temple) = >>> |
57 |
57 |
57 |
|
From Exodus to the capture of Jerusalem (or to the temple) = >>> |
251 |
479 |
590 |
| |
“Without adding 52 years between the exodus and the temple, the
exodus would be in 1395 BC (968 + 427= 1395 BC) (1447 - 52= 1395 BC).
Archeologist, Dr. Steven Collins, at the following link believes that Thutmose
IV died in about 1395 BC and was the Pharaoh of the exodus about 427 years
before the temple. |
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“Second, Egypt also withdrew from Canaan, and the Kings of Canaan
wrote to Egypt asking for help fighting the Apiru (Hebrew?) invaders. These
are among the Amarna Letters. Joshua likely entered Canaan at the beginning
of the reign of Akhenaten, when both Joshua and Deborah wiped out Jabin, king
of Hazor, and everything that breathed. Pleas for help ended after the eighth
year of Akhenaten., and “Third, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) started believing in one god and
ruled 16 years and died young. His widowed queen then wrote to the king of
Hatti offering her throne over all of Egypt to his son if he would just come
to Egypt and marry her. This was unheard of before.” “Fourth, King Tut (Tutankhamum) ruled nine years gathering massive
fortunes probably borrowed from various tombs. His 18th Dynasty
was coming to an end.” “It is difficult to prove someone extracted 52 years prior to the flood or that 52 years were added after the exodus as in TABLE 3. Nevertheless, evidence of the original pattern would still remain. From Adam to the temple, there would still be 427 years times 7. From Adam to the fall of Babylon, there would still be 427 times 8. Primary evidence of the 427-years would still be found in the fact that 1656 years to the flood and 479 years from the exodus to the temple, if added together, equal 427 times 5!” “These two changes would alter the 427-year pattern beyond
recognition and would likely prevent all archaeologists from discovering the
true date of the exodus and the real Pharaoh of the exodus. This is proven by
the fact that every Egyptologist has a different date and a different Pharaoh
of the exodus.” “So, from our shared information and new insights, there were likely 122 sabbaticals from the flood to the exodus and 61 jubilees from Adam to the temple.” |
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*Note: The Masoreh
text says Jacob was 130 when he entered Egypt, Joseph was 39. Therefore,
Joseph was born when Jacob was 91. Notice that 130 – 39 = 91. The Samaritan
figures indicate the Israelites were in Egypt and wilderness 245 years (half
of 490 years) while the Masoretic text indicates 252 years. By changing Nahor to
79, instead of 27, and by changing Abraham to 70, instead of 130, the
Samaritans were able to reduce the birth of Abraham from 2259 to 2249. This
would also reduce the entry into Egypt from 2549 to 2539 and to expand the
time in Egypt to 215 years, half of the 430 years stated in Exodus 12:40.
Notice that these few changes remove all traces of the original, 251-year
pattern. Evidently, the Samaritans were more interested in the 7-year and
Jubilee patterns. Insights
on the Samaritan Text Like the Samaritan Text, the
Book of Jubilees has 1307 years from Adam to the flood. If the Samaritan text
had allowed 29 instead of 79 for Nahor (as in the Masoretic text) and 130
years instead 70 years between Abraham and his father (as in the Masoretic
text), there would have been 251 x 9 years instead of 251 x 8 years from Adam
to Abraham. The Samaritan legend for Adam
is in 4436 BC, that is, 479 years before Adam in the Massoreh text, in 3957
BC. There are also 479 years from the exodus to the temple in I Kings 6:1. The Samaritan legend has 2753
years from Adam in 4436 BC to the exodus in 1682 BC, 427 years before 1255
BC. From the above chart,
obviously the original Samaritan text could have been 401 years longer than
the text extant today and the Masoreh text could have been 52 years longer
than today’s renditions of it. Methuselah lived until the year of the flood,
so his 67-years had to be changed to 168. 1055 (After Man) + 653 = 1708. The Samaritan text also has a 251-year pattern in
that a flood in 1307 would be 251 years after Noah’s birth in 1056 in the
Masoretic text. The birth of Abraham would be in 2259 (251 x 9) if the flood
were in 1307, and Joseph would be born in 2510 (251 x 10), and the exodus
would be in 2761 (251 x 11). However, it is generally believed that the
Samaritan exodus was 505, instead of 502, years after Abraham. This places
Joshua’s conquest 2794 years after Adam (2259 to Abraham + 505 to exodus + 40
to Joshua = 2794). Others have dated the exodus as 505 years after Abraham,
that is, 2513 years after Adam. In comparison, a version of the Septuagint
has the flood 2262 years after Adam. 2513 minus 2262 equals 251. |