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Can we prove this is what happened? Yes! Simply add 1656 and 479 to get 2135, and 2135 divided by 427 equals 5. This cannot be a coincidence. There is no logical explanation other than the original tradition was based upon a 427-year pattern. Moreover, the pattern continues down to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC. After Cyrus captured Babylon, the rabbinical chronology shortened the period of the Persian domination of Palestine 166 years, that is 14 orbits of Jupiter.

Three Views from the Exodus to the Temple

From careful reading of the book of Judges, there evolved three basic views for the period from the exodus to the temple. One version says 251 years; one says 427 (plus 52 years); one says 590 years. The differences are based upon three ways of viewing the period of the judges. The oppressions lasted 111 years (allowing 251 years to the temple); the judges were 339 years (allowing 479 years to the temple), and both together lasted 450 years, as in Acts 13:20 (allowing 590 years to the temple) as in TABLE 2.

	TABLE 2a. Three Basic Ways to Interpret the Judges
Exodus & Wilderness = >>>		40	40	40
Rulers during Joshua & Elders = >>>		43	43	43
Oppressions = 111 yrs., Judges = 339 yrs., and both down to Eli = 450 yrs.		111	+339	=450
From Samuel to when David captures Jerusalem (or to the temple) = >>>		57	57	57
From Exodus to the capture of Jerusalem (or to the temple) = >>>		251	479	590

Keys provided for calculating the period from the exodus to the temple are:

1. Jepthah was 300 yrs. after Joshua crossed the Jordan (Jud 11:26), 340 yrs. after the exodus.

2. There were 139 years between Jephthah and the temple (I Kings 6:1).

3. The judges ruled for 450 years (Acts 13:20), 339 years or 111 years (111 + 339 = 450).

4. The temple was 479 years (the 480^th year) after the exodus (1 Kings 6:1)

5. Classical Greeks, as Josephus, thought there were 590 years from the exodus to the temple.

These indicate there were also 100 (43 + 57) other years before and after the 111, 339 or 450 years of judges, as in TABLE 1.

Exodus 40

Jephthah (Jud 11:26) 299

Other yrs 140

479

Exodus 40

Judges 111

Other yrs 100

251

Exodus 40

Judges 339

Other yrs 100

479

Exodus 40

Judges 450

Other yrs 100

590

The problem is how to divide the “other years”. Josephus allowed 43 yrs. for Joshua and the elders. The rabbinical view allowed 20 yrs. between Eli’s death (Samuel’s first yr.) until David captured Jerusalem. Allegedly, the Ark returned 20 years after the Philistines took it away.

Exodus 40
Joshua & elders 43

Judges 111

‘til Samuel
20
37
251

Exodus 40
43

Judges 339
‘til Samuel
20
37

479

Exodus 40
43

Judges 450

‘til Samuel (Acts 13:30)
20
37

590

		TABLE 2a. I Kings 6:1 says there were 479 years between the exodus and the temple. This is 52 more years than 427 years. Another legacy for the period is 251 years after the exodus, after Ramesses the Great (see http://code251.com/code243.html). For the legacy on the period being 479 years, see http://code251.com/code427.html. For the legacy on the period being 590 years, see: http://code251.com/code590.html. If we choose 251 years, this is endorsed by the fact there were only seven generations between the exodus and the temple, and that the exodus from the city of Ramesses allegedly occurred during the reign of Ramesses II, 1279 to 1213 BC. 1255 BC seems to match the context, but this places the temple in 1004 BC, 36 years before 968. This is likely why Archbishop Ussher said 1004 BC is when Solomon dedicated his finished temple. Another explanation may be that the rabbinical society only allowed 20 years instead of 56 years for the Ark to reside at the house of Abbinadab after Eli’s death before David brought it into Jerusalem. This lacks 36 years. If we choose 479 years (as in I Kings 6:1) instead of 427 (one Jupiter cycle), we must add 52 years (427 + 52 = 479). Then, to keep the cycle intact, we must also subtract 52 years from the pre-flood years (427 x 4 – 52 = 1656). This may look contrived, and the six generations between the exodus and David’s birth must be 100 years each (1447 BC – 1041 BC = 406 yrs.). If we choose 590 years instead of 479, we still have several sources to help us explain why. Acts 13:20 says there were judges for 450 years until Samuel. This would include both 111 years of oppressions and 339 years of judges (111 + 339 = 450). This would only fit the tradition of having 590 years from the exodus to the temple.
	TABLE 2b. From the Exodus to David and Solomon: Three Versions
Time Period				251-yr. System				479-yr. Rabbinic System			590-yr. System
PRIOR TO THE OPPRESSIONS
Exodus & Wilderness			40			Joshua 13:29			40			40
Joshua rules			25						25			25
Elders rule			18						18			18
TOTALS for the era			83						83			83
OPPRESSIONS
Cushan			8						0			8
Moabites			18						0			18
Jabin			20						0			20
Midianites			7						0			7
Ammonites			18						0			18
Philistines			40						0			40
TOTALS for oppressions			111						00			111
JUDGES
Othniel			0						40			40
Ehud			0						80			80
Shamgar			0						0			0
Deborah			0						40			40
Gideon			0						40			40
Abimelech			0						3			3
Tola			0			(Judges 11:26)			45			23
Jair			0			291 yrs. after Joshua						22
Jephthah			0			148 yrs. before the temple			31			6
Ibsan			0			439 yrs. from Joshua to the temple						7
Elon			0									10
Abdon			0									8
Samson			0						20			20	111
Eli			0						40			40	339
TOTALS for Era of Judges			00						339			339	450		Acts 13:20
KINGS
Ark stolen by Philistines 20 years
Samuel alone and fighting Philistines						10	I Sam. 7:2		10			10
Samuel alone, peace with Philistines							I Sam. 7:13; 8:1			Acts 13:12
Saul wars with Philistines						2	I Sam. 14:52		2			2
David contemporary with Saul						6	II Sam. 2:10,11		6			6
David contemporary with Ishbosheth						2	II Sam. 4:8; 5:3-6		2			2
TOTALS for Era of Kings					20				20	II Sam. 6:2-3		20
Jerusalem 37 yrs.
David in Jerusalem					33		I Chron. 11:3-4		33	I Sam. 7:2		33	339	111
Solomon until temple is founded					4				4			4	140	140
													479	251
TOTALS for Era of Jerusalem					251				479			590

Josephus, the first century Levite historian, said there were 2510 years from Adam to the exodus (251 x 10) and 592 years from the exodus to the temple. Africanus said there were 590 years, which agrees with Classical Greek historians who thought the exodus was when the “Heberu” Hyksos kings were ousted from Egypt at the beginning of the 18^th dynasty. William Devereau Jones, in Venus and Sothis, page x, says the Hyksos were ousted in 1558 BC. This would be 590 years before the temple, in 968 BC (968 + 590 = 1558). Some have even claimed a double exodus, one in 1558 BC being the tribes descending from Jacob’s wife, Leah, and one in 1447 BC being the tribes descending from Jacob’s wife, Rachel (Joseph, Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin).

Note also the rabbinical repetition of 480 years between the 1312, 832 and 352. Likewise, the Samaritan date of Creation is 480 years before 3957 BC, likely the date of Creation in the Masoreh text. The Samaritan date of the exodus would be 1683 BC, one version of when the Hyksos were expelled.

Note: Josephus allows 37 more years for Samuel down to David’s 7th year. The rabbinical view allows only 20 years during which the Ark was stolen and resided at the house of Abinadab until David removed it to Jerusalem. This likely explains why Ussher dated the dedication 43 years earlier, in 1004 BC instead of 961 BC.

TABLE 2b makes it obvious that Acts 13:20-21 is repeating the Greek Classical view from the Greek Septuagint text… that the judges lasted 450 years (111 + 339), and, after that, Saul ruled 40 years. In contrast, I Kings 6:1 says there were 479 years from the exodus to the temple.

Since the judges ruled in different areas of Israel, they could have overlapped 52 years instead of always being consecutive. Therefore, all three views of the period of the judges could be incorrect. Therefore, the temple could have been 427, instead of 479 years, after the exodus.

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